Arguments of Christopher Browning versus Daniel John Goldhagen Regardin

Arguments of Christopher Browning versus Daniel John Goldhagen Regarding The German View of the Holocaust The arguments of Christopher Browning and Daniel John Goldhagen contrast greatly based on the underlining meaning of the Holocaust to ordinary Germans. Why did ordinary citizens participate in the process of mass murder? Christopher Browning examines the history of a battalion of the Order Police who participated in mass shootings and deportations. He debunks the idea that these ordinary men were simply coerced to kill but stops short of Goldhagen's simplistic thesis. Browning uncovers the fact that Major Trapp offered at one time to excuse anyone from the task of killing who was "not up to it." Despite this offer, most of the men chose to kill anyway. Browning's traces how these murderers gradually became less "squeamish" about the killing process and delves into explanations of how and why people could behave in such a manner. Goldhagen's book however, has the merit of opening up a new perspective on ways of viewing the Holocaust, and it is the first to raise crucial questions about the extent to which eliminationist anti-Semitism was present among the German population as a whole. Using extensive testimonies from the perpetrators themselves, it offers a chilling insight into the mental and cognitive structures of hundreds of Germans directly involved in the killing operations. Anti-Semitism plays a primary factor in the argument from Goldhagen, as it is within his belief that anti-Semitism "more or less governed the ideational life of civil society" in pre-Nazi Germany . Goldhagen stated that a "Demonological anti-Semitism, of the virulent racial variety, was the common structure of the perpetrators' cognit... ...d in is own home. He was found by Soviet men in his home and taken to Siberia, because he was too young, in their point of view, to not be a member of the Nazi party. This is a man that Goldhagen cannot say is a fanatic anti-Semite and because of his own story to me I cannot deem the entire German population to be Goldhagen's 'ordinary Germans'. It is not an easy debate and will probably never be one but I would hope that someone could see that we cannot say something about an entire population. We would have to look at each member individually and then I am sure that we would find that some were those 'ordinary men', that Browning believed and some were the 'ordinary Germans' that Goldhagen believed in. Bibliography: Browning, Christopher R., Ordinary Men. Harper Perennial,New York, 1993 Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. Random House, Inc. New York, 1996

Investigating the Solubility of 5 Salts

1. PurposeThe experiments were carried out for measurement of solubility of 4 chosen salts in water to arrange these salts in the ascending order of solubility.2. IntroductionDifferent salts dissolve in water to different extent. This fact is of great importance in our daily life as well as in industrial domain like extraction of useful mineral/metal, purification of salts, corrosion etc. Solubility of salts is quantitatively expressed in different units. The most common being maximum mass of a salt which can be completely dissolved in a unit mass of a solvent say 14 gm of KNO3 per 100 gm of water i.e. of gm solute/gm solvent type. Other units are Molarity (M), Molality (m), Normality (N), Mole fraction (X) etc. These different units are useful in different situations. It is easiest to experimentally determine the solubility of a salt in gm (of salt)/100 gm (of solvent) unit and this value can easily be converted into other units by using suitable formulae. The formula to convert gm solute/gm solvent solubility value into molarity (M) is following:M =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (1)Where,   is density of solution in g/liter and formula mass is in g/mol.Materials are classified as insoluble, slightly soluble or soluble. Materials with solubility less than 0.01M are classified as insoluble.Experiments were carried out to measure solubility of four salts Calcium Sulfate CaSO4, Copper (II) Nitrate Cu(NO3)2, Potassium Nitrate KNO3 and Sodium Chloride NaCl.3. Materials:Approximately five grams of each of salts Ammonium Nitrate NH4NO3, Calcium Sulfate CaSO4, Copper (II) Nitrate Cu(NO3)2, Potassium Nitrate KNO3 and Sodium Chloride NaCl, 250 ml beaker, 100 ml beaker, 50 ml burette and Parr DMA 35 density meter.4. Procedure:4.1. Ammonium Nitrate NH4NO3 salt was ground into fine powders using a mortar and pestle.4.2. Approximately 5 gm of the salts was weighed using a balance and the exact mass was recorded for each of the salt s.4.3. The salt powder was placed in a clean 250 ml beaker.4.4. Water was added slowly using 50 ml burette and the solution was continuously stirred while water was being added. Water addition was done until either all the salt powder was dissolved or 50 ml was reached, whichever occurred first.4.5. Volume of water required for complete dissolution of the salt powder was recorded.4.6. Density and temperature of the saturated salt solution was measured by using Parr Density meter and the same was recorded.4.7. Steps 4.1 through 4.6. were repeated for the remaining four salts and the values were recorded in a table.5. Data:The data from this experiment is presented in table 1 below:Table 1: Experimental data on solubility of the saltsSalt Mass of Salt (gm) Volume of H2O (ml) Temperature (oC) Density of Solution (gm/ml) CaSO4 5.088 50 none None Cu(NO3)2 5.020 23 30.4 1.125 KNO3 4.956 48 16.9 1.065 NaCl 4.993 49 20.2 1.0656. Results and Analysis:From data it is very clear that CaSO4 is insoluble in water.Solubility of remaining three salts was calculated using formula 1.For Cu(NO3)2:M = 1.07 at 30.4 oC; Hence solubleFor KNO3:M = 1.00 at 16.9 oC; Hence solubleFor NaCl:M = 1.20 at 20.2 oC; Hence solubleThe results are presented in table 2 in the ascending order of solubility.Table 2: Solubility of given salts:Salt Solubility of Salt (g/100 g of water) Solubility of Salt (M) Temperature (oC) CaSO4 0 Insoluble Not recorded KNO3 10.35 1.00 16.9 Cu(NO3)2 21.83 1.07 30.4 NaCl 10.20 1.20 20.2 The order of solubility of salts is followingCaSO4< KNO3< Cu(NO3)2< NaClThis order may get slightly modified if we compare solubility of salts at same temperature. It should be noted that solubility value depends on temperature and this is the reason, why solubility value is reported along with temperature.Glassware has been used in these experiments at visibility of solution was required to determine that salts were completely dissolved. Besides, these glass wares provide reasonable accuracy and are fairly less costly.The salts were ground into fine powder because fine powders accelerate rate of dissolution of salts, hence the experiment can be finished in short span of time.

Of Mice and Men: My Impression of Curley’s Wife Essay

Curley’s wife is just a young woman seeking attention, feeling the only way she can receive it is if she throws herself at the men around the ranch. In all honesty, Curley should give her more attention than she could ever wish for, however, in the 1930s things were a lot different to how they are now for women. Curley’s wife gives off the impression that she is a floozy and an extremely flirtatious woman throughout the whole novel. For example, when she leans her body against the pole â€Å"So her body was thrown forward.† This suggests that she is aiming to make all the males in the bunk house admire her female beauty, since her husband won’t. Also she talks very playfully towards the men around the ranch, which illustrates that she seeks some fun and enjoyment, which she is clearly not receiving from Curley. This is why she wonders elsewhere. An example of this playfulness is when she says â€Å"If he ain’t, I guess I better go look some place else,† You may think that she is talking about looking for Curley, but in fact, this symbolises her looking for other sexual pleasures, with the other men. The character of Curley’s wife shows an awful mean streak with her racism towards Crook’s in one of the chapters. Crook’s makes it clear that he does not have the desire to talk to her, resulting in a very serious threat towards him â€Å"Well you can keep your trap shut then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny† are the exact words she uses in the novel. This not only demonstrates that she is infuriated by the fact that nobody wants to talk to her, but it also shows the horrific racism that went on in the 1930’s, both Curley’s wife and Crook’s know that him having dark skin means the first sight of trouble and he will be abandoned or worse, killed. People with dark skin were treated like dirt in those days, Crook’s was nothing more than a tool, an animal, a disgrace! Curley’s wife desperately wants somebody to share conversation with and she feels very lonely and isolated, howev er, this is no excuse to be so prejudice against Crooks in my opinion. Personally, I am not a big fan of the character of Curley’s wife. I feel some of her actions are very unnecessary and she should keep herself to herself, as appose to trying to flirt with all the males and going behind her husband’s back.

Free Essays on The Effects Of Anti-smoking Ads On The Youth Of America.

The effects of anti-smoking ads on the youth of America. Anti-smoking ads have hit America’s youth like a ton of bricks, and they are working. The â€Å"Truth† ads seem to be especially effective on the youth of today. I did not really realize that there were any other anti-smoking ads before the â€Å"truth† ads. It turns out that there have been anti-smoking ads since 1998. Those ads did not have much of an effect on the youth. They did not state any of the stats that the â€Å"truth† ads do, and they do not have a hard-hitting theme. The ads that did not have a hard impact were â€Å"think, don’t smoke† ads, and they featured such things as young athletes saying no to cigarettes and then going on to win or do good in something. As a result of these ads smoking is way down among high school students. The rate of smokers among teens is at the lowest tat it has been since 1991. In 1991 twenty seven and a half pe4rcent of high school students said that they smoked, and in 2001 the seniors in high school who smoke is about thirty five percent. It is still too many when about one in four kids in high school are still lighting up. More of what the reason this could be is because the price of cigarettes has risen as much as $1.50 more as in New York. 63.9 percent of high school students said that they have had at least taken one puff of a cigarette in their entire lives. Smoking is killing a lot of people. In Asia about 50,000 teenagers start smoking every day. About two-thirds of the people who are under twenty-five will start smoking in China. More than half of the children who are seven to seven-teen smoke in the Philippines. They say that there needs to be better control of the tobacco. Everywhere except a few countries in Asia have some of the world’s weakest tobacco control laws. Many different things affect the rate of smoking in teens. Certain anti-smoking ads have more of an affect than other anti-smoking ads. If you wan... Free Essays on The Effects Of Anti-smoking Ads On The Youth Of America. Free Essays on The Effects Of Anti-smoking Ads On The Youth Of America. The effects of anti-smoking ads on the youth of America. Anti-smoking ads have hit America’s youth like a ton of bricks, and they are working. The â€Å"Truth† ads seem to be especially effective on the youth of today. I did not really realize that there were any other anti-smoking ads before the â€Å"truth† ads. It turns out that there have been anti-smoking ads since 1998. Those ads did not have much of an effect on the youth. They did not state any of the stats that the â€Å"truth† ads do, and they do not have a hard-hitting theme. The ads that did not have a hard impact were â€Å"think, don’t smoke† ads, and they featured such things as young athletes saying no to cigarettes and then going on to win or do good in something. As a result of these ads smoking is way down among high school students. The rate of smokers among teens is at the lowest tat it has been since 1991. In 1991 twenty seven and a half pe4rcent of high school students said that they smoked, and in 2001 the seniors in high school who smoke is about thirty five percent. It is still too many when about one in four kids in high school are still lighting up. More of what the reason this could be is because the price of cigarettes has risen as much as $1.50 more as in New York. 63.9 percent of high school students said that they have had at least taken one puff of a cigarette in their entire lives. Smoking is killing a lot of people. In Asia about 50,000 teenagers start smoking every day. About two-thirds of the people who are under twenty-five will start smoking in China. More than half of the children who are seven to seven-teen smoke in the Philippines. They say that there needs to be better control of the tobacco. Everywhere except a few countries in Asia have some of the world’s weakest tobacco control laws. Many different things affect the rate of smoking in teens. Certain anti-smoking ads have more of an affect than other anti-smoking ads. If you wan...

The Best Spotify Playlists for Study

The Best Spotify Playlists for Study Music researchers agree that music for studying should be free from lyrics  so the songs arent competing for your brains memory space. Fortunately, there are several lyric-free Spotify stations that are perfect for studying.   1.  Intense Studying   Creator:  Spotify The Review:  This station is perfect for keeping that brain sharp and focused, with a mix of sonatas, concertos, and more from  classical superstars like Bach, Mozart, and Dvorak. While some classical stations can relax you to the point of feeling like you might fall asleep, this playlist is full of upbeat tempos that will keep you awake and on track. 2.  Superior Study Playlist Creator:  Taylor Diem The Review:  In case you want to listen to a vast selection modern instrumentals (over 900 songs appear on this list), this Spotify station for studying focuses on soundtracks like those from movies like Amelie, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,  and The Hours along with instrumental beats from artists like Explosions in the Sky,  Max Richter, and Levon Mikaelian.   3.  Workday Lounge Creator:  Spotify The Review:  Dont let the title fool you; this isnt boring elevator music. Chill out and listen to the mellow beats of artists like ST*RMAN and  Azul Grande, which just might be calming enough for someone with a crazy life to feel like they can take a deep breath and pop open the books.   4.  Acoustic Concentration Creator:  Spotify The Review: Plug in and open up this lyric-free Spotify station to enjoy music from Michael Hedges, Antoine Dufour, Tommy Emmanuel, Phil Keagy, and over a dozen more guitarists who mesmerize with quick arpeggios and harmonizing chords.   5. NO LYRICS! Creator:  perryhan The Review:  For those who are interested in hearing a mix of more modern songs reworked by instrumental artists, this station has you covered. From 90s grunge classics from bands like Nirvana to songs like Justin Timberlakes Cry Me a River  on violin by David Garrett or Adeles Rolling in the Deep  on piano and violin by The Piano Guys, theres something youll want to hear. 6.  Study Mix (No lyrics) Creator:  mogirl97 The Review:  This is also a Spotify station relying heavily on remixes of modern songs, remade by instrumental bands. The Vitamin String Quartet, Lindsay Stirling, 2 Cellos, and The Piano Guys play their versions of popular songs like Royals, Pompeii, Back to Black, Chandelier, Let It Go, She Will Be Loved and more. They are great for keeping you energized but wont be as distracting as if you were listening to the original versions. 7.  EDM Study No Lyrics Creator: coffierf The Review:  Electronic dance music might not be what first comes to mind when you think of studying, but for some students, possibly those kinesthetic learners out there- the kind who need to keep  moving  to concentrate- this station, with over 50 songs and growing, may be just what you need. Bounce along to tracks by Crystal Castles, Netsky, and Moguai.   The Effects of Music While Studying According to Nick Perham, a researcher published in Applied Cognitive Psychology,  the best music for studying is  no music at all. He says you shouldnt listen to music because it competes for your brains space. Perham recommends that you study in complete silence or ambient noise like from a white machine or even the muted traffic of a highway or soft conversation.  However, some disagree with this researcher and believe that music makes the  study experience  better since it can lift a mood or bump up positive feelings.

Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Equity - Essay Example Executive Summary: Owens & Minor Inc. Ticker: OMI Recommendation: Hold Price: $29.78 on 31.03.2010 Price target one year: $34.95 Highlights: A fortune 500 company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. Wide distribution network throughout the United States. The provider of the broadest selection of branded products. Unique, superior products are offered through non competitive partnerships with leading manufacturers of health care products through cost effective product line labeled Medichoice, OM direct etc. Supplier assortment, community participation and sustainability are the guiding principles of the firm. Hospitals and Ambulatory surgery centers are the principal customers of the firm. Financial Summary: Market capitalization of $ 2.04 billion in 31.3.2010. The first quarter of 2010 saw an increase in the net income of the firm by 98% as compared to the previous year. Operating earnings in the firm increased by 23.3% as compared to the first quarter in the previous year 2009. Cas h and cash equivalents as on 31.03.2010 was $ 146.4 million. A review of the firm’s earning growth rate indicates an average earning growth of 5.4% over the past ten years. Dividend yield of the stock of the firm as on 31.03.2010 was 2.1%. Qualitative analysis: Company profile and industry overview: Owens & Minor makes sure hospitals are organized for main surgeries. â€Å"Its services include logistics, supplier management; analytics inventory management, outsourced resource management, clinical supply management, and business process consulting† (Owens & Minor Inc (OMI: New York) Par. 1). A primary dispenser of surgical and medical supplies, the industry takes about 200,000 products from 1,200 producers. Products distributed by Owens & Minor contain surgical dressings, intravenous and endoscope products, syringes, needles, sterile procedure trays, gowns, sutures and gloves. Owens & Minor consumers are chiefly health systems and hospitals and the purchasing associatio ns that serve them. It distributes products to about 4,400 health care contributors from above 50 distribution places from corner to corner the US. SWOT analysis: Strength: Owens & Minor offers a range of information investigation tools and consulting services and outsourced resource management. Weakness: In the recent times, their overall profits are down. Opportunities: The opportunities open to the Owens & Minor are measured in terms of its future development prospects. Threats: The company needs to evaluate prospective partners, vendors and suppliers. Porters 5 Competitive Forces: Porters 5 competitive forces consist of supplier power, threat of new entrants, and threat of substitutes, degree of revelry and buyer power of Owens & Minor. The healthcare supply chain expertise, joined with a continued responsibility to investing in information technologies and to bring a bounty of benefits to health provider customers and supplier partners alike. Threat of new entrants is a probabi lity of reaction from existing competitors and barriers to entry of the Owens & Minor. It consists of economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements and governmental and legal barriers of the Owens & Minor. Major Owners: Table 1 shows the major owners of Owens & Minor. Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio Analysis: I. Short term solvency or liquidity ratios a) Current ratio: Current ratio is defined as ratio of current assets to current liabilities. It is computed as follows. Current

Pub industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pub industry - Case Study Example Certainly, this measure was applauded by the owners of the pubs and there are good reasons to expect the increase in the number of the customers. Another legislative initiative might more detrimental to the industry of pubs. Labor party has proposed to introduce total ban on the smoking in pubs, though it is still a proposal and is widely debated. In current edition of the proposed legislature smoking will be allowed only in those pubs that do not serve the food. One of the impacts is undoubtedly possible negative consequences for the business of the pubs. If this initiative is accepted, the pub industry will have to adapt itself to new environment and devise new ways to lure their steadfast customers. It can do it either by shifting to new pubs that will provide clients with drinks (new strategy should be devised in this case) or by reorganizing its chain of the pubs ( as Wetherspoon is large company it might try to reorganize its chain by establishing two types of the pubs- those which serve the food and those that do not. This reorganization should be based after thorough investigation of geographical and social factors, once the company has obtained a reliable data on where it would be more appropriative to open the pubs mentioned). Economic factors. The UK has one of the most developed economies in the world, with the annual growth rate of 1.7% percent in 2005. (Prediction). The GNP per capita is one of the highest in the world; it is one of the most important factors as it means high purchasing power of Britons, who enjoy going out and currently have less time, possibilities and inclinations to cook meal at home. Strong economy also means the possibility for expansions on the market and provides the company with stable environment to plan...Economic factors. The UK has one of the most developed economies in the world, with the annual growth rate of 1.7% percent in 2005. (Prediction). The GNP per capita is one of the highest in the world; it is one of the most important factors as it means high purchasing power of Britons, who enjoy going out and currently have less time, possibilities and inclinations to cook meal at home. Strong economy also means the possibility for expansions on the market and provides the company with stable environment to plan its future operations. Several import restrictions on the technological equipments or raw materials used in the production of the beer, might hamper the development of the industry. The industry might also suffer from low import duties on alcoholic drinks, which encourage customers to purchase the drink abroad. Social factors. Several social factors such as late marriage, increasing number of divorces and growing number of persons with high incomes as well as more hours spent at the workplace might influence the business of the pub industry. More and more people prefer to go out to dine at the pubs; the majority of them simply do not have enough time to cook the meals at home. That is why the company should study these factors thoroughly in order to understand what forces are driving people to dine out. There are no grounds to expect any technological innovations or breakthrough in the industry in the nearest future, neither there is a possibility for the breakthrough in the long-term.